A Late Encounter with the Enemy by Flannery OConnor

Marketing Strategy of Coca Cola in India free essay sample

India has a GDP of over USD 1. 236 trillion (2009 gauge), the twelfth biggest on the planet (fourth biggest as far as GDP on buying power equality premise of USD 3. 57 trillion) and per capita salary of just USD 1,100 (136th on the planet). In any event, during recessionary time of the most recent two years, economy has been developing at over 7%, second quickest on the planet (after China), that implies its normal salary will twofold inside 10 years. Segment Trends India’s populace remained at 1. 157 billion (July 2010 gauge), developing at a pace of 1. 07% (2010 gauge) with 64. 3% of complete populace representing individuals between age section of 15-64 years and 30. 5% underneath 15 years old. Sex proportion of complete populace stays at 1. 08 guys to one female (2010 gauge). Following are the progressions being seen in the structure of Indian populace and its effect on the organizations focusing on the Indian customers in the course of the most recent decade: * Women are expanding turning out to be profession situated and want to have youngsters at a later stage throughout everyday life. Particularly in urban territories, there has been an inclination to have most extreme a couple of kids which brought about guardians spending more per kid (prompting better personal satisfaction and instruction) and has permitted ladies to remain at work longer (expanding family unit salaries and empowering the acquisition of work or efficient items). * Alongside a declining number of youngsters has been a decrease in the normal size of family units. The development of little size family units has had various advertising suggestions, running from an expanded interest for littler units of lodging and littler size yet better nature of apparel and food supplies. Social, Cultural and Lifestyle Developments In the most recent decade, India has seen more worldwide impacts than any time in recent memory. Innovation has brought the various country draw nearer, prompting development of correspondence examples and lessening the extensions among urban and rustic zones. This social move impactsly affects the Indian work situation. Existing organizations have reclassified their procedures and organizations have understood the significance of understanding the Indian play area inside and out. Following are the key patterns saw in socio-social condition f India, which give bits of knowledge into new parts of thought and correspondence that generally drive the country today. * The job of ladies in the public eye is changing as people progressively share desires as far as work and family unit duties. For instance, items like prepared arranged suppers will have more degree for development which will mitigate working ladies of their conventional job in gett ing ready family unit dinners. * Leisure is turning into a greater piece of numerous people’s lives, and organizations have reacted with a wide scope of recreation related products and ventures. More noteworthy future is prompting a maturing of populace and a move to an undeniably older culture. Or on the other hand right now with 64% of the populace being in the age of 15-40 years the Indian market is viewed as an adolescent market. Innovation changing existences of Indian Consumers The pace of mechanical change is getting progressively fast in the Indian customers showcase, permitting new merchandise and ventures to be offered to shoppers (for instance, Internet banking and portable telecoms). New innovation can permit existing items to be made all the more economically, in this manner enlarging the market for such merchandise by empowering costs to be brought down. Thusly, increasingly effective and minimal effort carriers have permitted new markets for local air travel to create. Viewpoint: We have taken a gander at socio-social ramifications of Indian Consumers during the most recent decade. Significantly, steps in the correct bearings should be taken promptly to benefit of the current chance to help monetary development and improve the socio-social scene of India. CASE †1 (MANUFACTURER) Changing Consumer Demand: Coca Cola’s procedure to misuse India’s Rural Markets during a decade ago Coca-Cola’s activities in India: Coca-Cola, world’s biggest dealer of soda pop thinks since 1886, came back to India in 1993 following a multi year rest, giving another impression to the Indian soda advertise. Coca-Cola has made critical ventures to develop its business in India, including new creation offices, squander water treatment plants, dissemination frameworks, and advertising channels. Coca-Cola India is among India’s top universal speculators, having contributed more than USD 1. 1 billion in India since its entrance in 1993. Choice to investigate Indian Rural markets: During 2002, Coca-Cola came out with a plan to investigate India’s Rural Markets, in a request to expand its business volumes and addition in general piece of the overall industry in the nation. This choice was to be expected, given the enormous size of the undiscovered provincial market in India and with level deals in the urban regions, unmistakably Coca-Cola would need to move its concentration to the country showcase. In any case, the poor rustic framework and utilization propensities that are totally different from those of urban individuals were two significant deterrents to splitting the country advertise for CCI. As a result of the inconsistent force flexibly most food merchants in provincial regions didn't stock virus drinks. Additionally, individuals in country zones had an inclination for customary cold drinks, for example, Lassi (Yogurts) and lemon juice. Further, the cost of the refreshment was likewise a main consideration for the country buyer. Coca-Cola’s Rural Marketing Strategy: Coca-Cola’s rustic promoting procedure depended on three As Availability, Affordability and Acceptability. The initial An Availability underscored on the accessibility of the item to the client; the second An Affordability concentrated on item estimating, and the third An Acceptability concentrated on persuading the client to purchase the item. 1) Availability When Coca-Cola entered the rustic market, it concentrated on fortifying its dissemination arrange there. It understood that the unified dispersion framework utilized by the organization in the urban regions would not be reasonable for rustic territories. In the unified conveyance framework, the item was moved straightforwardly from the packaging plants to retailers. 2) Affordability Coca-Cola led an overview of Indian Rural Markets (in a request to outline its promoting procedure) and came out with a resolution that 300 ml bottles (essentially being sold in urban territories) were not well known with rustic and semi-urban occupants where two people regularly shared a 300 ml bottle. It was additionally discovered that the cost of Rs 10 (15 pennies) per bottle was viewed as excessively high by provincial customers. Therefore, Coca-Cola chose to roll out certain improvements in the size of its jugs and estimating to prevail upon customers in the rustic market and 200 ml bottles, called ‘Chota Coke’ (little coke) valued at Rs 5 (7 pennies). Coca-Cola declared that it would push the 200 ml bottles more in rustic zones, as the provincial market was very cost delicate and was certain that it would build the pace of utilization in country India (as apparent from the way that provincial deals represented over half of Coca-Cola’s complete deals in 2003). 2) Acceptability The activities of Coca-Cola’s in circulation and estimating were upheld by broad showcasing in the broad communications just as through open air promoting. The organization set up hoardings in towns and painted the name Coca Cola on the mixes of the living arrangements in the towns. Organization had likewise set up transitory retail outlets and took part in fairs and conventional neighborhood gathering (essentially on celebrations) which are significant wellsprings of business action and diversion in country India. The Upshot Coca-Cola’s showcasing activities were end up being fruitful, and accordingly, its rustic entrance expanded from 9% in 2001 to 35% in 2003 and 54% in 2009 as Coca-Cola kept on adding more towns to its circulation arrange in country markets. CASE †2 (SERVICE PROVIDER) Changing customer request: Bharatmatrimony. com to tap India’s developing on the web wedding administrations advertise An Overview of the Company: Institution of marriage holds a noteworthy second in the life of an Indian† Mr. Janakiraman, CEO †Bharatmatrimony. com BharatMatrimony. com has developed into a main name in online marital market inside a decade ago in India. Organization has effectively enhanced the idea of match making on the Internet, interfacing a great many marriage competitors across India and World. Organization has been making benefits directly from the earliest starting point (net benefits of USD 3. 6 million of every 2009) and is right now developing at the pace of 300 % per annum. Key Milestones: BharatMatrimony. om has more than 10 million individuals worldwide and been perceived by the Limca Book of Records for having the most elevated number of reported relationships. The site has likewise been granted â€Å"The Best Matrimony Portal† by PC World, a main innovation magazine. Change popular for marital/coordinate creation administrations from customary methods (marriage authorities/representatives, paper ads and family/companion systems) to online administrations: India’s online match making market is worth about USD 20 million directly, a little part of around USD 500 million spent on conventional wedding administrations. It is evaluated that there are around 450 million individuals in India as of now underneath the age of 21 and with more than 300 million individuals assessed to get hitched in the following 30 years in India, marital administrations is a quickly developing business sector in India and online match-production idea is still stays undiscovered and expected to develop at a yearly pace of half to 70% in the coming 5-7 years. Developing infiltration of web particularly among youthful Indians: India has one of the most youthful populace pool and the fifth biggest Internet Population on the planet with present figure crossing 40 million online clients, which is assessed to become further in a major manner. Wedding sites are progressively

Rhetorical Analysis Reflections Essay

I battle with Rhetorical Analysis expositions, however this specific paper appeared to confuse me more than the other expository examination articles that I have run over this year. The score I got was a 8, and I was really very astonished to see that. I realized I had composed a paper to pass, yet to show that I had adequately composed the paper stunned me. This paper was intense specifically in light of the fact that the expository methodologies were exceptionally hard to find. I saw that Richard Rodriguez composed utilizing a ton of thoroughly analyze, so I based my paper off of that. With that thought, I explained the method in incredible detail, and that may have represented the high score that I got. The paper was all around organized, yet it was uneven as I would see it. The primary explanation I was uncertain about a high score was because of an absence of consideration of other explanatory procedures. I realized that the paper was elegantly composed, yet I was not really sure how well I would do. While perusing test articles discharged from Collegeboard , I noticed that they were searching for something to do with thoroughly analyze, and I accept that is the reason I scored to high on the paper. I didn't have the foggiest idea about that investigate was an expository strategy, however it is acceptable to take your thought, and let your contemplations stream. That is the means by which you make solid composition. WC: 250 Midwest Rhetorical Analysis Reflection The Midwest Rhetorical Analysis Essay was difficult to compose in light of the fact that I had an absence of enthusiasm towards this specific brief. The Midwest has never captivated me; it has consistently been the West or East Coast that I have been truly intrigued by. My absence of enthusiasm towards the Midwest made it a troublesome compose. Throughout the year, when I am given points that intrigue and captivate me, I am ready to keep in touch with them well indeed. In any case on the off chance that I am given a brief which I don't generally think about, I will pick the simpler side toâ write about and go from that point. Energy raises my composition. The absence of energy towards this article is the explanation it isn't composed well overall. It was a troublesome compose, and I am sure that with a brief including the west or east coast, your composing improves. The score of 6 that I got is because of the way that this paper was satisfactory, and simple to follow. The content is exhausting, however the explanation it was scored as a passing paper if principally because of adhering to the fundamental norms of the AP scoring rubric for 6 papers. Circumstances and logical results was the fundamental methodology that I utilized in discussing explanatory gadgets. I utilized it to clarify how the Midwest isn't equivalent to individuals may see it. The Midwest has a ton to offer, and individuals simply need to give it a possibility and make sense of what is covering up inside the land. WC: 259 Summative Rhetorical Analysis Reflection I trust I merited the score of a 8 on this paper. I truly associated with the content, and my thoughts just began streaming. This paper showed a great deal of my qualities as an essayist, and my score mirrors that. My utilization of individual tales to depict the author’s symbolism and tenderness truly upgraded my paper. I had the option to utilize individual proof amd tests from the content to show my capacity to ace this paper. Articles that I can identify with are anything but difficult to portray and expound on. That is actually what occurred as I was composing this paper. The content, Last Child in the Woods helped me to remember my youth, and I utilized explicit model from the content to portray that. This paper showed a lot of solidarity and not many shortcomings. A difficult I have with my composing is poor language, and I accept that is because of the planning factor. You truly have no opportunity to fix your errors when you are crunched for time. Fortunately you are scored on what you do well instead of everything that you have fouled up thinking about that this paper is definitely not a completed item. Accounts, differentiating perspectives, symbolism, and poignancy were all expository methodologies that I have present in my article. This was the last explanatory article that I had composed all year, and my improvement is unmistakably shown from my first paper to my last. Improvement is critical, and I am glad to have my best composition toward the year's end as opposed to the beginning. WC: 262

Vikes essays

Vikes papers The Vikings are portrayed as unpleasant individuals who threatened towns, and took what they needed. The attacks and the history behind the vikes are on the whole about obvious, yet there is more past that. Close to the finish of the eight century started the multi year (AD 800-1100) Viking Age . They assaulted Britain, Norway, Denmark and some more. Around the thirteenth century the Vikings started to become dim as Christianity came. The vikes accepted that earth was comprised of space called Ginnung (Martell,36) They likewise accepted that individuals were on an excursion in eternity and covered them with food, drinks and their assets in ships. In their religion there were no sanctuaries or ministers, yet numerous divine beings. Among them, Odin, the divine force of the warriors and fight, yet additionally the lord of astuteness and verse. Thor, the divine force of thunder. At long last there was Frey, the divine force of richness, marriage and developing things. Around the year 1000, the Vikings became Christians and confined the desires to assault. The viking change to Christianity was frequently for exchange and governmental issues. On the off chance that the vikes had the option to lead quiet relations with different nations, they would have a superior possibility at building bases by which they could exchange their merchandise. (Jones and Pennick, 1995: 137) The Vikings lived any place they dominated. In 870, Iceland was found by Ingolf, who was out traveling. It took seven days from Norway to get to Iceland. Researcher realize that the vikes ventured out to numerous spots: Of 85,000 Arabic coins, 80,000 were found in Sweden. After assaults were done, the vikes requested an enormous installment to leave. (Margeson 1994). Warships were utilized to assault towns, and to travel. The Vikings had superb structure abilities. They were all long and thin. Indeed, even idea the boats had a pole and a sail, they could in any case be paddled. All boats conveyed from 24-50 paddles. The longest Viking transport at any point discovered was 92 ft long. At the point when boats were utilized as transportation, families went as well. Wom ... <!

How to Create a Research Paper Outline For Yourself

How to Create a Research Paper Outline For YourselfIf you're stuck on how to create a research paper outline for yourself, this article will give you some great advice. Writing an outline for a paper isn't difficult, but it is important to remember that this information should not be used to construct your entire paper.When writing a research paper the first thing you need to do is outline your topic. Why do you want to write this paper? What problems do you want to solve with this information?Next, write a brief summary of what you have written. This is your research summary and should be a reasonable length.Now you need to answer the question, 'What problem do I want to solve?' The problems are the first things you should consider in your research because this is where you will begin to solve the problem. It is also the problem you will use to motivate yourself to write the rest of your paper.Most of the time you will need to include a research question at the beginning of your res earch paper. A good way to research questions is to consider the interests of your audience. You might use your audience's name and try to see if there is any topic within their field they are interested in.Once you have answered your research question, it is time to write the outline for your research paper. The outline should be a snapshot of your topic. It should contain information on the main details about your topic and also it should contain all of the information about how you intend to go about doing your research.The most important part of your outline is the resource section of your paper. This section should be your introduction to your paper and should contain information on how you plan to gather the information you need for your paper. In this section you should include any necessary sources you will need to conduct your research and also you should include any notes you made while doing your research.With these three tips you should be able to write an outline for yo ur research paper. In the next few articles we will discuss methods for creating your outline and also how to write your research paper.

Personnel management vs human resource management - Free Essay Example

People in an organization carry out the entire task, from setting strategies and goals to allocating financial resources and from producing goods and services to marketing them. Therefore, the human beings are considered to be lsquo;human resource or lsquo;human capital in an organization (Bratton and Gold, 2001). And managing this resource is crucial and the idea and practice of managing have come through several changes. The ever rising intense competition in the global business and spreading responsibilities brought dramatic changes in the way approaches were made towards people management. The time business crossed the national boundaries and spread throughout different continents and different time zones it faced new challenges and difficulties in meeting the demands from the people of different cultures. Idea sharing and participation in decision making, therefore, became important as these can give the organizations competitive edge in the changed environment. As a consequence the traits like aptitudes; commitment, ability to learn and tacit knowledge have become obligatory in order to have continuous development (Bratton and Gold, 2001). Thus, the demands of the specialists as well as the formation of new strategies to fit to the changed environment increased along with the growth of business boundary. Human Resource Management: lsquo;Human resource management is a distinctive approach to employment management which seeksto obtain competitive advantage through the strategic deployment ofa highly committed and skilled workforce, using an array of cultural, structural and personnel techniques. (Storey, 1995). Thus, HRM is mainly a set of policies that are created aiming to obtain the organizational goal through the successful implementation of corporate strategy considering the human resource of the company as the driving force that can make the difference or in other words give the company its most needed competitive advantage. Company needs to balance the aspirations of its people as well as its strategic demands towards making HRM policies. There have been many models to explain the concept Human Resource Management. One of the important models is Harvard model. The Harvard Framework preferred to see the whole process of HRM from the General Managers point of view (Armstrong, 2003). How they want to see the consequences of every step recognizing the importance of trade-offs between owners, employees and various interest groups (Armstrong, 2003). Here, the HR gets some outcomes as the direct affect of its policy choices and those outcomes brings the consequences that meet the stakeholders interests. It suggests that the general managers should develop a viewpoint, as they provide the strategic vision, of how they wish to see the employee involvement in achieving the goals. Another important model is Warwick model. As Harvard model is developed in the American context it reflects the American style and way of managing HR but Warwick model reflects the European style (Loosemore et al., 2003). Unlike Harvard model it focuses on external and internal both context and explores how both the internal and external environment influence the HR decisions (Bratton and Gold, 1999). From Personnel to HRM: The concept of HRM started getting shape in the early stage of industrial revolution (Bratton and Gold, 2001). Emerging concern of employee rights and the growth of trade union, changing reactions of the workforce and employers towards the public policy, implementation of strict health and safety regulations, increased demands of specialised personnel in the work force along with the technological innovations, scientific and sophisticated approach to managing employees and the ever ending competition in the market played vital role in the emergence of the concept Human Resource Management (Bratton and Gold, 2001). Though the concept is old but the title HRM was given to it only couple of decades back. Before that it was known as Personnel Management. Some scholars say that there is no actual difference between Personnel Management and HRM except the two different names (Storey, 2007; Armstrong, 2003; Torrington et al., 2008). Along with the emergence of the new economic order in 80s and 90s of last century the approach towards people management changed and the preference of treating personnel moved to individual rather then collective in order to ensure that the highly skilled and loyal employees will give the organization a competitive advantage (Bratton and Gold, 2001). Thus, changing the title is also an approach to give the people management a new image to fit to the changing environment. Torrington and Hall (1991, cited in Armstrong, 2003) sees the distinction as, Personnel Management is lsquo;workforce centred and therefore directs itself to employees, on the other hand HRM is lsquo;resource centred concerns itself with the overall human resource needs of the organization. Storey (2007) shows the detailed differences between Personal Management and HRM in his twenty seven points of differences where he categorized the elements into four-part basic outlines. These are; Beliefs and assumptions, Strategic Aspects, Line Management and Key levers (Storey, 2007). Miller (1998) integrated Storeys twenty seven points into six main points that focuses on the major points of distinction between Personnel Management and Human Resource Management. Dimension Personnel HRM Nature of relations Pluralist Unitarist Speed of decision Slow Fast Key managers Personnel General/line Pay Job evaluation Performance related Job categories Many Few Communication Restricted Increased Table: Personnel Management vs Human Resource Management (Miller, 1998) So, the distinction between personnel and HR is clear. The biggest change probably is focus. The focus has now shifted from overall performance to individuals. Employee involvement through personal development is now not only highly encouraged but also to ensure it the companies are undertaking different training and development programmes. An early example of this change was set by Ford when it announced its change initiatives that contain statement like lsquo;employee involvement is our way of life (Storey, 2007). The Characteristics of HRM: The attempt of HRM is to manage the people, the most valuable asset of a company, to achieve its goals and objectives. Thus, the typical characteristics of HRM include both the welfare of the company and the welfare of its employee. Armstrong (2003) pointed out some characteristics of HRM, these are; It integrates the HR and business strategies and emphasizes the need for all strategic fit. It is commitment oriented as it emphasizes on gaining the committed goals and mission of the organisation. It attaches diversified cultures and values together and brings harmony in the workplace. It identifies the potentials of the employee and appoints the task accordingly to ensure the maximum benefits. It manages and harnesses the potentials of the personnel and brings the best out of them. It ensures both the happiness of the personnel and happiness of the stakeholders. The Functions HRM: The basic HR functions according to Armstrong (2003) and Torrington et al (1991) are: Human Resource Planning The management determines the types and the number of human resources it needs to accomplish a task or reach the goal. In this case the management has to consider the financial support available to it. Recruitment and selection; Proper recruitment and selection procedure needs to be followed in order to meet the demand of required skills. In this case the necessary skills can be tested through written or oral test or a combination of both. Reward systems; Reward systems are structured and measured by the company to keep the employee motivated. It may include direct, indirect or psychological reward. Employment legislation; Terms and conditions, policies and opportunities for both parties should be open and written in order to avoid confusion. The HR department has to clearly mention the company policies in the employment contract. Management of diversity; As the business is now global the companies need to ensure an environment where employees from different cultural, religious and ethnic groups are treated equal. Again, Fords early realisation prompted them apply policies such as lsquo;our doors are open to men and women alike without discrimination and without regard to ethnic origin or personal beliefs (Storey, 2007). Training and development; To make the employees more efficient and prepare them for higher level of responsibilities the HRM department needs to have a continuous training and development process. Along with the routine process the companies also train their employees during a sudden demand such as an addition of new software or hardware. Grievance and discipline; To ensure time keeping, good employee relations, proper behaviour and professional attitudes the HR department formulate company procedures. Termination of employment relation; As part of disciplinary action, end of the contract, the part of an employment cut or the relocation of the employee the HRM takes all the necessary actions. Strategic HRM: Human resource management is no more limited to managing people, recruiting, selecting, training and all other conventional administrative duties. As the people are the core competitive advantage in todays business, they are evaluated as the brainpower of the company rather than manpower. The way of business competition has become knowledge based (storey et al, 2009). Thus, the human resource department plays a more strategic role today. Apart from all the administrative works Strategic HR participates on planning corporate strategy. It plans out the necessary skills and required effort needed for a particular task to be carried out in future. SHRM also indicates a planned HR policy that integrates the business goal and may encompasses a number of HR strategies to improve the individual, thus business, performance to make the reward system more effective (CIPD , 2010). Miller (1998) says if a company be able to establish an appropriate fit between strategy and HRM it can be considered as practising strategic HRM. The business strategy and the strategic human resource management run in parallel, both are informative and communicative. Information available to SHRM about how people are motivated deployed and the availability of skills and knowledge might determine the business strategy, on the other hand when business strategy requires the improvement of customer service this will probably shape the training plans and performance improvement plans (CIPD, 2010). Approaches to SHRM: Strategic HRM is mainly a resource based philosophy and this encompasses three possible approaches (Armstrong, 2003). These are explained bellow: Resource based SHRM: Resource based HRM strategy focuses on the performance of the employee and compare the productivity of its people with the competitors. In this approach learning is highly encouraged and the intellectual capital is developed and nurtured. High-performance management approach: By developing the skills of the employees and improving the self management capacity and team performance the HR department can actually enhance the overall productivity and ensure customer satisfaction. Here, the quality leadership, vision, benchmarking and decentralization are suggested in order to have greater success (Stevens, 1998; cited in Armstrong, 2003). High performance approach also require to have a rigorous recruitment and selection procedure, a proper learning and development process and merit pay and profit sharing to encourage high performance (Armstrong, 2003). High involvement management: This approach says employees are to be treated as partners, their interests should be respected and their equal involvement in decision making should be encouraged. A very good communication between the managers and the employees that gives clear understanding of organizational vision, values and the expectation of both parties can achieve the organization its expected productivity. Characteristics of SHRM: There are some characteristics of SHRM can be drawn from the writing of Salaman et al (2005) and Armstrong (2003). These are discussed below: -It connects the whole process to the business strategy and plays a proactive role rather than reactive. Instead of waiting for the instruction and complaints strategic HR managers take proactive steps and plans out the future outcome. -SHRM is output driven. It takes all strategic steps to improve the performance of the employees and achieve the overall competitive advantage. -It is more preventive than corrective and thus it value employees who are multi-skilled, cross-functional and team players. It expects people to do the things write the first attempt. -It provides the guidance to other sections of the organization on what to measure, how to measure and how to report the outcomes of the measurement CIPD (2010) Dave Ulrich (1997) suggested four strategic roles in order to be able to create real value to the business. These are: Strategic partner: Here, the HR manger help the company turn the strategy into result. He will evaluate the existing strategy and figure out whether there is any strategic change needed. Change agent: HRM helps the change happen and it happens faster. Also make sure human resource understand and cope up with the change. Employee champion: managing and evaluating talents or the intellectual capital and Administrative expert: Ensuring the all the human resource related jobs are done and they are done in a way that helps the business. Effect of Globalization: Globalization is shortening the trade barriers, making the market more open and thus more competitive. It is a very influencing source that fuelling the changes faster. Toyota, one of the largest car producers in the world, was the hundredth Japanese company when it decided to locate their first UK based manufacturing facility in Derby (Storey, 2007). But it took fifteen years, from 1972-87, for the first fifty Japanese companies to arrive in UK and the next fifty companies arrived in following two years time (Storey, 1992, p. 12). The challenges that globalization has brought to Human Resource Management and the they should be faced are: Restructuring: Business is expanding in one way or other. Either two or more firms of same industry are merging together or one is acquiring the other. As a direct result of this the company eliminate layers of managers, closes facilities and cut jobs. HR managers are facing challenges in managing people who worked in different company cultures and some whom withdraw their loyalty. Even sometimes when the companies from different countries of different time zones merge than language and cultures become the main concern (CIPD, 2011). -In this regard the HR professionals need work in co-operation with other organizational sections. Need to understand different organizational management policy and take the professional through smooth transition process. Management of diversity: As an effect of globalisation people from different cultures, ethnic groups and religion come in one place and work together and they require a mutual understanding that make the way to productivity smooth. -Here, the HR department needs to ensure a working environment that offers equal opportunity and respect to the people from all background (CIPD, 2010). They need to understand different cultural and religious values. Technological innovation: Continuous innovation of new technology put pressure on HR department of the company to ensure a continuous training and development programme. Also, the technologies are reducing HR tasks that create the chance of HR job cuts. -HR professionals need to make themselves equipped with latest technological knowledge. They need to diversify themselves and be useful in participating other organizational tasks. Outsourcing: Outsourcing concept has come up along with the globalization. Organizations are now outsourcing some of their task to other companies that may be located some other part of the world. Thus, some of the HR functions now to be done by the line managers (Kumar, 2011). -Along with other qualifications the line managers need to have the proper understanding of Human Resource Management. On the other hand the HR managers need to outline and monitor the HR task of the line managers. Economic and political change: Economic changes such as global recession, change in government policy as a result of the shift in political power force the companies to close facilities and decrease production cost. As a direct result of this organizations decrease the size of HR body and put pressure on the remaining to be more productive (Kumar, 2011). -Through the effective training and development process the HR managers need to ensure top level productivity of the human capital that will reduce production cost and make the organization more sustainable. Conclusion: Human Resource Management has come through different changes and challenges over the recent years. Though, the innovation of technologies is reducing some of the HR tasks but these affecting the HR roles very less. Also, outsourcing is also happening in a number of cases thus it is not affecting HR roles significantly (CIPD, 2006). Yet outsourcing may reduce the HR task of an organization but it is shifting those tasks to some other companies. The cost of running a HR department may go up and down but at the end it repay with the improved productivity it brings to the human resource of the company. The human resource still remains the competitive advantage factor and it will remain so in the future. Different market boundaries are falling apart and forming one single global market. In this marketplace different companies of an industry are experimenting all possible and available resources to achieve the competitive advantage. But it is human resource that can offer additional featur es to a business through a continuous development process. Thus, the task of people management is not limiting rather its expanding. A dynamic human resource management body can attract the best bunches of talent by designing and offering exceptional reward and career opportunity package and at the same time it can improve the productivity of its existing resource to the highest level by planning, developing and implementing an effective training and development programme. For instance, Microsoft and Google both have search engines. The number of users using a search engine determines its business success. Now, people will use the search engine that consists of highest number of resources and that offer additional features that carry the better value then the others. The human resources are bringing all the features and widening business opportunities in these both cases. And it is the HRM department that recruits those professionals through an effective selection and recruitment pr ocess, offering them their dream package of reward and compensation, and later on it brings those professionals to this level through a proper training and development. Thus, the Human Resource Management is crucial for organizational survival in todays marketplace.

Hedda Gabbler Quotes

Herink Ibsen is one of Norways greatest playwrights. Hes referred to as the father of realism  which is the theatrical practice of making shows seem more life everyday life. Ibsen had a great talent for portraying the drama inherent in seemingly everyday lives. Many of his plays dealt with issues of morality which made them quite scandalous  at the time they were written. Ibsen was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature three years in a row.   Feminism in Ibsens Plays Ibsen is probably best known for him feminist play  A Dolls House  but feminist themes occur in much of his work. At the time female characters were generally written as side characters of little importance. When they did play major roles they rarely dealt with the difficulties of being a woman in a society that allowed them very few opportunities or choices. Hedda Gabler is one of Ibsens more  memorable heroines for that reason. The play is a brilliant portrayal of female neurosis. Heddas choices in the play  dont seem to make sense until one considers how little control she has over her own life. Hedda is desperate to have power over something, even if it is another persons life. Even the title of the show can be given a feminist  interpretation. Heddas last name in the show is  Tesman, but by naming the show after Heddas maiden name it implies she is more her own woman than the other characters realize.   Summary of Hedda Gabler   Hedda Tesman and her husband George have returned from a long honeymoon. In their new home, Hedda finds herself bored with her options and company. Upon their arrival, George realizes his academic rival  Eilert as begun working on a manuscript again. George doesnt realize that his wife and former rivals are former lovers. The manuscript could put Georges future position in jeopardy and would secure Eilerts future. After a night out, George finds Eilerts manuscript which hes lost while drinking. Hedda rather than tell Eilert that the manuscript has been found convinces him to kill himself. After learning his suicide was not the clean death she imagined she takes her own life. Quotes From Hedda Gabler These impulses come over me all of a sudden, and I just cant resist them. - Hedda, Act 2Our common lust for life. - Là ¶vborg, Act 2Oh courage...oh yes! If only one had that...Then life might be livable, in spite of everything. - Hedda, Act 2But hell come...With vine leaves in his hair. Flushed and confident. - Hedda, Act 2Everything I touch seems destined to turn into something mean and farcical. - Hedda, Act 4But, good God! People dont do such things. - Hedda, Act 4

The Rights Of Minorities By Jean Baptiste - 3342 Words

Rights of Minorities Eddy Jean Baptiste Mr. Wilson Period 2 Senior Project Minorities are people that can be assembled as national, ethnic, cultural, linguistic and religious. In addition migrants, refugees and indigenous. Minorities are discriminated, they develop and increase group loyalty as results of discriminatory. A minority group refers to a certain group of people differentiated from the social majority. Those who hold the majority of positions of social power in a society may be defined by law. Rather than a relational social group. as the term would indicate, minority group refers to the above-described. â€Å"Minority group often occurs alongside a speech of civil rights and collective rights which gained eminence in†¦show more content†¦Most important issues would definitely lie in racial relations, economic policy, government-individual communication, and controversial social topics, just like for everyone else unlike issues certainly stand out for different groups. Asian Americans feel helpless to revolution the coor dination, and because the community is so various, it is hard to organize politically. The racism that Asian Americans face in society and their actions in overwhelming racism are often modest or ignored altogether. In addition, Asian Americans are far less personified in state and federal government than in equivalent to their population. Many Asian Americans are not citizens, and never apply for citizenship. Asians minorities could help more in this generation with the federal government, doing more to the Asians where there could help the countries don’t let the Asian do as much to protect what the Asian need to issue to the diversity and large device of the important of ethic minority. Asian have to change the society. They have less represented of them self to the state and government. Where they need to change to show the American they are helpful and conclude to them what the bad thing America are not really doing to help them. Respectively Minority right now are facin g conceptual discourse, also ancient outline. By this the minority conflicts core of conditionShow MoreRelatedAid For Illegal Immigrants : Special Interests Or The Best Interests Of Society?2680 Words   |  11 Pagesbecause of their parent’s status. Undocumented children who are able to receive public assistance to continue their education may be those best capable of finding a viable, positive solution to the issue of illegal immigration in general. Given the rights and services already afforded this group (as children they are protected even if their parents are not) extending those services to college also seems the only logical step in the immigration quagmire. Penalizing legal citizens regardless of theirRead MoreFrancois Boucher4287 Words   |  18 Pageslightness and charm of rococo. 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Is The Big Bang Theory - 884 Words

Is the earth expanding? What is the Big Bang theory? According to the bible and to scientist their are two different views. One view is through the eyes of a scientists and the other, through an individual’s faith and belief of God’s creation. Scientist use data and instruments to document what can be seen, and Christion’s carry faith and believe outside, what can’t be seen. In the Bible there are several references that describe the universe being â€Å"stretched out. (Cosmology) â€Å"Here are a few to describe this reference Isaiah 40:22 teaches that â€Å"God stretched the heavens like a curtain and spreads time out like a tent to dwell in†. â€Å"And the likeness of the firmament upon the heads of the living creature [was] as the color of the terrible crystal, stretched forth over their heads above†. Ezekiel 1:22 â€Å"He hath made the earth by his power, he hath established the world by his wisdom, and hath stretched out the hea vens by his discretion†. Jeremiah 10:12. Most astronomers agree the universe is expanding because the clusters of galaxies are moving farther away from other clusters in the galaxy. Olbers’s Paradox is the idea that faraway stars appear fainter than those nearby:, and the entire sky should be as brilliant as the surface of the Sun. This means â€Å"either the universe is finite in extent, or it evolves in time†.(ASTRONOMY PEASON). Interestingly enough, the bible recorded well before scientist existed, that the Universe would expand. Scientist is forced toShow MoreRelatedBig Bang Theory1599 Words   |  7 PagesBig Bang Theory Its inevitable that with over 6 billion people here on Earth, there will be different views upon how our universe was created. Views are mainly fueled by faith or science but the modern view of todays era is the Big Bang Theory. The theory states that the universe started at one single spot, and has been expanding ever since (Big Bang Theory, N.P.). 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MiPie Company - the Achievement of the Marketing Budget and Effective Case Study

Essays on MiPie Company - the Achievement of the Marketing Budget and Effective Marketing Process Control Case Study The paper â€Å"MiPie Company   - the Achievement of the Marketing Budget and Effective Marketing Process Control" is a  delightful example of a case study on finance accounting. The case  study is a representation of a company that has considered outsourcing as one of the ways of increasing the profitability of the company in that it enables the costs as well as the expenses to be cut down. The company wanted to outsource the production of pies in order for it to concentrate more on the issue of brand imaging as well as sales development in the territories of the European Union. The differences as far as the issue of outsourcing came up when the marketing and production directors refused to support the finance manager’s opinion of going ahead with the issue. The reason as to they were against the idea was different also for the two of them (Mintzberg, 1979). The marketing director was aware that by doing it there was a probability of an increase in terms of five folds especially in the budget of marketing but this meant that after  £8million increase it will eventually lead to only  £5million increase in sales as well as a cost of  £4million even after the outsourcing is done (Finlay, 2000). Some of the factors that were considered include the expenses that will be incurred, the issue of old employees losing jobs so as to employ new ones who can be able to deal with the operations of the new project. This is also another factor of consideration due to the fact that it will mean new expenses for training them. A profitable proposal was then suggested which was to deal with setting up energy sources that are renewable. First, it is environmental friendly hence helping in environmental sustainability (Hill, Jones, 2007). The methane gas being produced is simply due to the reuse of waste and then the wind energy is due to harnessing of the wind hence no purchase of raw materials. It will help the company remain competitive yet reduce its cost of production as well as have a source of energy that is sustainable.Cost of the projects=  £15millionTotal Cash outflow for wind turbines= yr1+ yr 2+ yr 3+ yr 4+ yr 5=  £10.7Total Cash outflow for waste water lagoon= yr1+ yr 2+ yr 3+ yr 4+ yr 5=  £5.4Total Cash outflow in million = Total Cash outflow for wind turbines+ Total Cash outflow for wind wasteWater lagoon=  £10.7+ £5.4=  £16.1Total cash inflow for wind turbines= yr1+ yr 2+ yr 3+ yr 4+ yr 5=  £15Total cash inflow for waste water lagoon= yr1+ yr 2+ yr 3+ yr 4+ yr 5= £8.06Total Cash inflow in million = Total cash inflow for wind turbines+ Total cash inflow for waste waterLagoon= £15+ £8.06= £23.06Net cash flow for wind turbines= yr1+ yr 2+ yr 3+ yr 4+ yr 5=  £24.3Net cash flow for wastewater lagoon= yr1+ yr 2+ yr 3+ yr 4+ yr 5=  £12.66Total Net cash flow= Total cash flow for wind turbines+ Total cash flow for waste water =  £24.3+ £12.66=  £36.96Cumulative cash flow for wind turbines= yr1+ yr 2+ yr 3+ yr 4+ yr 5=  £29.6Cumulative cash flow for waste water lagoon= yr1+ yr 2+ yr 3+ yr 4+ yr 5=  £16.66Total Cumulative cash flow = Cumulative cash flow for wind turbines+ Cumulative cash flow for waste water lagoon =  £29.6+ £16.66=  £46.26Net profit = Total Cumulative cash flow - Total Net cash flow =  £46.26- £36.96=  £9.3

Organizational Leadership Expected Selected Behaviour

Question: Describe about the Organizational Leadership for Expected Selected Behaviour. Answer: 1. The expectancy theory describes that the behavior or related action of an individual is influenced by the motivated he gets to select a specific behavioral aspect within several behaviors, which is due to the expected results of that selected behavior (Yung Chou and Pearson 2012). Therefore, according to this theory, it can be said that the motivational strategy used by a leader can influence the behavioral aspects of subordinates. Karen Leary is the Vice president and general manager of the Adelaide office of Merrill Lynch Financial. Leary hired Chung as the financial consultant and he has developed his profile in the organization through his skilled performance. Based on his performance, he is seeking for his private office. Based on Chungs performance, Leary have decided to give a private office to Ted Chung. According to the expectancy theory of motivation, the organization should relate rewards directly to performance for ensuring that the rewards provided to the employee are those, which are deserved and wanted by the recipient (Schunk et al. 2012). Ted has shown significant improvement in his work, he has opened the account of $6 million, after doing required level of research in this section. He is potential employee, who never holds back his ideas to chase a challenging goal (Hargreaves and Fink 2012). He has expressed the criteria of being an obedient and potential employee for the organization, who can bring significant success towards Learys changed organizational goals. Thus, he should be rewarded; according to the expectancy theory, he should be rewarded with what he expects to receive, which is his private office. 2. Ted Chung has shown significant growth and improvement in his business role. The general manager of Merrill Lynch, Leary hired him, while developing the business in Chinese market. Ted is china born and thus would be able to attract more people from china background. He opened a $6 million account of a Chinese industrialist. However, it has been revealed from thorough analysis, that the client is new in American market, thus it can be said that Chungs investment is risky. He has been seen to focus on one account and not working for attracting more Chinese account, though he should focus more on hiring new Chinese clients. In addition, several performances related information in the last year made Leary worried about the sustainability of Chungs performance. In a business, teamwork is very important, which is one of the weakest area of Ted Chung (Latham 2012). He likes privacy and do not interact with anyone in the office except his professional requirement, which shows his stiff f ormality towards is colleagues as well as seniors. This attitude is not required in a business environment. While reviewing the case of $6 million account, the client is from the same village, from where Chung belongs. Thus, he is not maintaining the professional boundaries, which can negatively affect the organizations business (Kwon and Jang 2012). According to the expectancy theory, when goals are set too high or performance expectations that are made too difficult, leads to low expectancy. The goals set by Chung are difficult to meet, for which he is taking risky actions. On the other hand, the reward should be same for everyone and there were several FCs, who are working potentially in the organization for 5-6 years, without having a private office. Thus considering all the facts, Leary should not give a private office to him. 3. Ted Chung is a potential employee, who has shown noteworthy improvement in his business role. Unlike other new FCs, he had opened a $6 million account for the organization in after completing his training, which is the sign of his excellence and superiority from others. He has always been an obedient employee; unlike other employees, he never wastes time during office hours and focuses on his work. Other FCs are also pleased about Chungs achievement, which again proved his excellence. He has always reviewed his job and improved in every step of his success ladder (Trautwein et al. 2012). He has depth knowledge about the Chinese market and has a commitment to enhance Merrill Lynchs Chinese market share, which is also known to Leary. Therefore, it can be said that Chung is the most eligible candidate, who deserves a private office, like other potential employees in the organization and once he got this reward, he will be motivated and more influenced towards his goal, as he prefers privacy (Al-Zawahreh and Al-Madi 2012). 4. According to the Equity theory, people should be motivated by fairness and inequities in input or output ratios are not required in teamwork or in an organizational environment. According to the equity theory, Ted Chung should get the equal rewards, which is received by the other employees. If he gets a private office, it will not be fair or justified to the other FCs, which can also demotivate others. Therefore, from that perspective, Ted Chung should improve more on his domain along with enhanced experience. He should seek some rewards, which is fair to be received by a new employee like Ted (Petri and Govern 2012). There are several employees, who are working for more than 5 to 6 years, but have not received their private office. Therefore, he should go through fair reward system and should seek higher designation or cash bonus, rather than a reward, which is not applicable for a new employee like him (Renko et al. 2012). It will both motivate him and other FCs to perform bette r further. 5. Equity theory determines whether resources have been distributed fairly to business partners or not. This is decided by factors like cost-benefit analysis of each person. Equity is maintained by employees by their effort put in the job and the outcome they receive from it. Employees are motivated by fairness in their job (Ledbetter et al., 2013). Even if Chung get the private office, it is necessary to interpret the impact it will have on other financial consultants in office. Chung was hired mainly due to lack of Chinese in American system and mainly to develop the market. Chung was excellent in his work and in making contacts with people. Within the context of equity theory it can be said that conflict may take place between other financial consultants when they start to compare their input/output ratios with Chungs input/output ratio. They may also start expecting a private place in office as they also work in the same position a Chung used to work in the Office. Hence, other c onsultants may perceive inequity in the office and it may demotivate them. They may resort to reducing their inputs in case of distorted outcomes prevalent in the office and a chaotic situation may arise. Hence, Chung been given a private office will have great implications for other financial consultants morale and productivity. 6. If Chung is given cash bonus in place of a private office this may work for him and other employees too. However he deserved more than that because his contribution as a financial consultant is more than his peers. Post his training, he did not went on attending cold calls like other trainees, instead he developed his approach according to the traditions of the market. Hence his responsible action showed that he had the potential to bring positive change in the company. His approach was to develop Chinese market by increasing his prestige first; however his first focus was on building good business relationship to get future benefits in the form of substantial accounts. Giving him a private office so early in his stint as a financial consultant may not work for the company due to the risk identified in his behavior towards need for privacy. It has been found that he does not allows people to work with him and clears all paper if the Leary approaches him. Due to this suspicious beh avior, giving him a private office in such a small period may not work. There is a need to probe his actions further before a private office can be given to him. Although he had given enormous huge account to Merill Lynch, however his action towards investing in riskier stocks may also turn out be risky venture for the company. 7. Despite several risk involved due to his suspicious work in the Office, Chungs joining a private office might also have lead to developing other objectives of the Office. It may help in getting a better hold in Chinese market through that private office. He may support by building more clients and getting more investments to the Company. Although Leary has urged him to develop other areas too, however through his private Office he may focus on excelling in one particular area only. Due to Chungs Chinese background, he might enlarge his relationship with client and develop the Chinese market for the Company. Although Chungs working style was different, however his unique approach to business may lead to spur in business too. Getting a private office is an important success symbol and the private office may only help to serve the purpose of seizing the Chinese market. Reference List Al-Zawahreh, A. and Al-Madi, F., 2012. The utility of equity theory in enhancing organizational effectiveness. European journal of economics, finance and administrative sciences, 46, pp.158-170. Hargreaves, A. and Fink, D., 2012. Sustainable leadership (Vol. 6). John Wiley Sons. Kwon, S. and Jang, S.S., 2012. Effects of compensation for service recovery: From the equity theory perspective. International journal of hospitality management, 31(4), pp.1235-1243. Latham, G.P., 2012. Work motivation: History, theory, research, and practice. Sage. Ledbetter, A.M., STASSEN?FERRARA, H.M. and Dowd, M.M., 2013. Comparing equity and self?expansion theory approaches to relational maintenance.Personal Relationships,20(1), pp.38-51. Petri, H.L. and Govern, J.M., 2012. Motivation: Theory, research, and application. Cengage Learning. Renko, M., Kroeck, K.G. and Bullough, A., 2012. Expectancy theory and nascent entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 39(3), pp.667-684. Schunk, D.H., Meece, J.R. and Pintrich, P.R., 2012. Motivation in education: Theory, research, and applications. Pearson Higher Ed. Trautwein, U., Marsh, H.W., Nagengast, B., Ldtke, O., Nagy, G. and Jonkmann, K., 2012. Probing for the multiplicative term in modern expectancyvalue theory: A latent interaction modeling study. Journal of Educational Psychology, 104(3), p.763. Yung Chou, S. and Pearson, J.M., 2012. Organizational citizenship behaviour in IT professionals: An expectancy theory approach. Management Research Review, 35(12), pp.1170-1186.

A Study Of Virginia Woolf free essay sample

# 8217 ; s Life Reflection In Her Work Essay, Research Paper Patton 1 Josh Patton Mrs. Theresa R. Coco College Prep English 12 8 March, 2000 # 8220 ; Virginia Woolf # 8211 ; A Life of Struggle and Affliction # 8221 ; The literary critic Queenie Leavis, who had been born into the British lower center category and reared three kids while composing and redacting and learning, thought Virginia Woolf a absurd representative of existent adult females # 8217 ; s lives: # 8220 ; There is no ground to say Mrs. Woolf would cognize which terminal of the cradle to stir. # 8221 ; Yet no 1 was more cognizant of the monetary value of unworldliness than Virginia Woolf. Her inventive ocean trips into the waveringly lit deepnesss of # 8220 ; Mrs. Dalloway # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; To the Lighthouse # 8221 ; were partially owed to a freedom from the actual day-to-day demand of sailing out # 8211 ; to the store or the office or even the babys room. Her hubby, Leonard Woolf, believed that without the assistance of her heritage his married woman would likely non hold written a novel at all. For money guaranteed non merely clip but rational autonomy. # 8220 ; I # 8217 ; m the lone adult female in England free to compose what I like, # 8221 ; she exulted in her journal in 1925, after the publication of # 8220 ; Mrs. Dalloway # 8221 ; by the Hogarth Press, which she and Leonard had set up to liberate her from the demands of publishing houses and editors. What she liked to compose turned out to be, of class, books that gave voice to much that had gone unheard in the old history of composing things down: the dartings and weavings of the human head in the fleet amplifications of thought itself ( Malcomi, 4 ) . # 8220 ; Mrs. Dalloway # 8221 ; is a delicate testimonial to the complexnesss of societal interaction on a individual twenty-four hours in London in 1923, stoping with a shallow society hostess # 8217 ; s glistening party ; it is besides one of the Patton 2 written about the effects of World War I. Virginia Woolf was non without political relations or fierce worldly concerns ( 4-5 ) . The journals and letters crossing both universe wars are filled with bulletins statements, panics of distant ground forcess and next-door bombs and the precariousness of the full civilisation of which she knew herself to be a late, likely excessively keen bloom. Her art is less direct. In her novels the resonance of great events sounds from deep within single lives. More than any other author, Woolf has shown us how the most faraway calamities become a portion of the manner we think about our day-to-day outlooks, our friends, the colourss of a park, the conditions, the possibility of traveling on or the determination non to. The old image of Virginia Woolf the prig has mostly given manner to assorted loftier word pictures: Virginia Woolf the literary priestess, or the Queen of ever-titillating Bloomsbury, or # 8211 ; most influentially # 8211 ; the critical womens rightist whose needed # 8220 ; room of her ain # 8221 ; came to look the really workshop in which such books as # 8220 ; The Second Sex # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; The Feminine Mystique # 8221 ; were subsequently produced ( Reinhart, 27 ) . Recently, nevertheless, Woolf has been granted a excessively modern female pantheon: the victim. The ascertained molestations of her childhood, the turns of lunacy that led to her self-destruction, seem now to commend instead than to measure up her right to speak for adult females. But Woolf # 8217 ; s personal illustration is in the strength and the steady professionalism that kept her invariably at work # 8211 ; the overambitious failures as sweated over as the words victory. For all her breakability as a adult female, she was a author of elephantine appetency, and she knew full good how much she intended to envelop in her all right but colossal, distributing, unbreakable webs. # 8220 ; Happier today than I was yesterday, # 8221 ; she wrote in her journal in January 1920, # 8220 ; holding this afternoon arrived at some thought of new signifier for a new novel ( Reinhart, 36 ) . Suppose one thing of another # 8230 ; merely non for 10 pages but for 200 or so # 8211 ; doesn # 8217 ; t that give the diarrhea and Patton 3 elation I want ; doesn # 8217 ; t that get closer and yet maintain signifier and velocity, and enclose everything, everything? # 8221 ; She non merely said that she was depressed, but that she was traveling # 8216 ; mad # 8217 ; once more, and get downing to hear voices. She could non concentrate, and believed she could non read or compose. She was hopeless and self-critical, and to the terminal maintained that her self-destruction was justified and that she would non recover. Her self-destruction was planned and determined, and despite a possible failed effort a hebdomad earlier can non be seen as an unprompted gesture that went incorrectly. When she wrote at the terminal of her life that she was traveling huffy # 8216 ; once more # 8217 ; , she spoke the truth and from drawn-out experience. She had her foremost breakdown at the age of 13, and others when she was 22, 28, and 30. From 1913 to 1915, from the age of thirty-one to 33, she was badly so frequently and for so long that lasting insanity was feared ( Malcomi, 12 ) . These onslaughts were severe, necessitating medical intervention and bed remainder. During the remainder of her life she had wilder temper swings. All this, particularly the drawn-out unwellnesss of 1913/14 and 1915, is good documented ; in peculiar, typical stages of passion and depression are described in textbook-like item. When elated, her hubby describes her ceaseless speaking, the content going progressively incoherent as she worsens in the following twenty-four hours or two, until, acutely frenzied, there is merely a # 8216 ; mere clutter of dissociated words. # 8217 ; Equally convincingly he describes her idea processes when down: she believes that she is non ill, that her status is her ain mistake, and is unable to accept reassurance or to be argued out of her beliefs. The symptoms of elation and depression are convincingly described, and their badness made clear. Over the old ages we can follow the phasic nature of her unwellness, with irregular onslaughts runing from the mild and doubtful to the terrible and drawn-out. This is a convincing life history of frenzied depressive psychosis, climaxing in self-destruction at Patton 4 the age of 59, and including a self-destructive effort in her mid-thirtiess which was about successful. Because no specific interventions were available during her life the unwellness can be observed running its natural class ; such terrible and drawn-out onslaughts would be rare today. Her medical history otherwise can be followed in item in her journals. She had much minor ill-health between 1915 and her decease in 1941. Some of this is attributable to mild temper swings, either up or down, possibly overzealously managed by her hubby and physicians with bed rest and curtailment of her societal life. She suffered from frequent lengthy and disabling concerns, migrainous in character, accompanied by depressive symptoms and by palpitations ( Malcomi, 10 ) . Flu- like unwellnesss and dysmenorrhoea are frequent. The physicians who attended her and her household were the most distinguished of the clip, particularly the head-shrinkers, but despite their distinction had no effectual intervention to offer at the clip, and seem prejudiced and unhelpful to modern eyes, although their text editions show they were able to do an accurate diagnosing. There is an impressive household history of affectional unwellness. Her brother Thoby died immature but was an emotionally disturbed kid. Her sister Vanessa had an episode of depression in her mid-thirtiess after a abortion. The onslaught lasted some two old ages, and was regarded by the household as similar to Virginia # 8217 ; s depressions. Her brother Adrian besides suffered from episodes of jitteriness and depression. Her male parent was a glooming pessimistic adult male who had two mild onslaughts of depression. His male parent # 8211 ; her gramps # 8211 ; had three serious depressions which affected his calling. Her first cousin on her male parent # 8217 ; s side developed terrible passion in his mid-twentiess and died within a few old ages in an refuge ( 13-14 ) . For coevalss her household history is filled with glooming work forces and flake Patton 5 household was besides really originative, non merely in literature. Her male parent founded and wrote much of the Dictionary of National Biography. Many of her relations were friends of Thomas Carlyle: see Virginia Woolf and Thomas Carlyle. Virginia resembled her male parent in many ways, and had a lose but ambivalent relationship with him. Her siblings were originative in other ways. Her sister was a painter, and her brother one of the first English psychoanalysts. Her personality was a mixture of shyness and exuberance. She was remembered by friends non as a gloomy down individual but as a superb conversationist, express joying, joking, gossipmongering, and frequently indulging in malicious flights of phantasy at the disbursal of her friends. She was loved by kids, given to interrogating others in her hunt for stuff, and frequently ill-mannered and clannish. She was awkward out of her societal category, and had an uneven flake visual aspect which made people stare at her in the street ( Reinhart, 26-27 ) . As a kid she was sexually abused, but the is hard to set up. At worst she may hold been sexually harassed and abused from the age of 12 to 21 by her half-brother George Duckworth, 16 old ages her senior, and sexually explored as early as six by her other half-brother. It is likely that her sisters and half sister were besides sexually abused. In ulterior life, likely as a consequence, she was sexually cold in her matrimony. She had several homosexual flirtings in big life, some intense, but likely non affecting physical dealingss. It is improbable that the sexual maltreatment and her manic-depressive unwellness are related. However alluring it may be to associate the two, it must be more likely that, whatever her upbringing, her household history and familial makeups were the finding factors in her temper swings instead than her unhappy childhood. More relevant in her childhood experience is the long history of mournings that punctuated her adolescence and precipitated her first depressions. Early losingss are known to be related to adult depression. Her life and illness agreements with recent work on Patton? Rienhart, Ruth. # 8220 ; Virginia Woolf # 8211 ; Rediscovered. # 8221 ; The New York Times. 12 May 1991, late erectile dysfunction. : C1. 12 May 1991. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.times.com Malcomi, Richard. # 8220 ; Virginia Woolf # 8217 ; s Psychiatric History: Drumhead and Site Guide. # 8221 ; Compuserve Modern Feminist Literature Guide. ( 1999 ) 24 Aug. 1999. hypertext transfer protocol: //ourworld.compuserve.com/homepage/malcolmi/woolf-psych/sum.htm Rienhart, Ruth. # 8220 ; Virginia Woolf # 8211 ; Rediscovered. # 8221 ; The New York Times. 12 May 1991, late erectile dysfunction. : C1. 12 May 1991. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.times.com Malcomi, Richard. # 8220 ; Virginia Woolf # 8217 ; s Psychiatric History: Drumhead and Site Guide. # 8221 ; Compuserve Modern Feminist Literature Guide. ( 1999 ) 24 Aug. 1999. hypertext transfer protocol: //ourworld.compuserve.com/homepage/malcolmi/woolf-psych/sum.htm Rienhart, Ruth. # 8220 ; Virginia Woolf # 8211 ; Rediscovered. # 8221 ; The New York Times. 12 May 1991, late erectile dysfunction. : C1. 12 May 1991. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.times.com Malcomi, Richard. # 8220 ; Virginia Woolf # 8217 ; s Psychiatric History: Drumhead and Site Guide. # 8221 ; Compuserve Modern Feminist Literature Guide. ( 1999 ) 24 Aug. 1999. hypertext transfer protocol: //ourworld.compuserve.com/homepage/malcolmi/woolf-psych/sum.htm

Teenage Subcultures In Stoke On Trent free essay sample

Stoke-On-Trend, also known as The Potteries, is a city in Staffordshire situated in the West Midlands. Just like other cities, Stoke-On-Trend has diverse teenage subcultures, some well known and others not as popular. The oxford dictionary defines subculture as a cultural group within a larger culture, often having beliefs or interests at variance with those Of the larger culture (Oxford Dictionaries: 2013). In terms of subcultures, if you ask anyone from Stoke-On- Trend, most people would tell you its well known for its dominance of Chaps.However, thats just in certain areas. On visiting different places around Stoke-On-Trend you can begin to see an assorted group of different subcultures local teenagers are part of. One of the most popular areas in Stoke-on-Trend to show the teenage subculture of being a Chap is Crackled. Crackled is a small estate just to the side of Chesterton village. I Linking to the subculture of Chaps is the representation of youths in Stoke- On-Trend being best known for their drinking, smoking and public displays of affections on the streets. We will write a custom essay sample on Teenage Subcultures In Stoke On Trent or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To an outside observer, the various teenage subcultures are only recognizable through pointers such as clothing and overall appearance, music preferences, behavior, language, and symbol use (Gerri A. ] van deer Iris, Ph. D. , Len S. ] Hansen, Ph. D. , Passable van Straiten, M. Sc. 2002:433). Symbol use is a key way to identify Teenage Subcultures in Stoke-On-Trend, specifically in Crackled. Picture two shows the use of graffiti as a mark of territory. The Crackled Republican Army began in the sasss when the AIR was in the news. It has recently been resurrected through social outworking sites on the internet.Members of the Crackled Republican Army (also known as the CRA) are well known for causing riots around not only Crackled but other surrounding estates. They are well known for leaving their mark through Graffiti. The CRA continue to cause local concern as certain individuals are going beyond antisocial behavior originally identified as playing up to the roll of being a Chap, but are now committing acts of serious violence altering the stereotype of Chaps. The teenage us Becquerel of being a Chap has spread through Stoke-On-Trend ore than any other subculture currently in the area. Surveys typically show that whilst a certain proportion of the public feel that the media may cause other people to engage in antisocial behavior, almost no-one ever says that they have been affected in that way themselves (David Gauntlet, 1998: 126 ). In Stoke-On-Trend however, specifically in the Waterways area, residents blame the media for publicizing the CRA and believe that its this that has brought on more groups such as the Waterways Republican Army, Brawled Republican Army and Talk Pits Republican Army. These groups, just like a typical army, decided to make their own group to defend their territory from other local estates.Another teenage subculture that dominates Stoke-On-Trend links to fantod. This subculture can be spotted not only in just one area of Stoke-On-Trend but all over. Stoke City FCC is the local football club based in Stoke-on-Trend. Stoke City PCs local rivals are Port Vale, based in the Burbles area of Stoke-On- Trend. Photograph four shows Britannica Stadium Home of Stoke City FCC. Gillie Rose argues that the way we become connected to a particular place is by a ailing that you belong to that place'(Gillie Rose, 1995: 89).By supporting home teams like Stoke City FCC and Port Vale, this teenage subculture projects a sense of belonging which represents part of their identity. Subcultures such as fantod of football in Stoke-On-Trend progress further than just the teenage part of their life. Being part of a football club becomes more than being part of a subculture and group but a way of life. Some examples of certain subculture groups in Stoke-on-Trend in relation to football fanned is football hooligans. According to the mirrors retreat league table (TomMacaque, 201 3: 1) for Stoke City FCC there were 32 arrests by the club over 201 3 in regards for fighting, drunken disorderly and more. For Port Vale there was 19 arrests. The teenage subculture of Indies is also popular in Stoke-an-Trend. The Indies subculture is predominantly noticed in Hanley at The Sugarplum. The term Indies refers to an obscure form of rock through which teenage subcultures establish themselves. Picture five is an example Of a stereotypical Indies girl. Indies Girls normally have wavy or volumes hair and usually wear either skinny jeans or black skirt/shorts and boots.Picture six shows Indies Boys who tend to be skinny with messy hair and a fringe and usually wear skinny jeans and a shirt. (Both photograph five and photograph six are in The Sugarplum). The Sugarplum is Stoke-on-Treats nationally acclaimed live music venue as well as a nightclub on a Friday and Saturday night. The Sugarplum has hosted hundreds of bands such as Coldly, Daft Punk and Stereophonic as well as actively promoting the local band scene. Picture seven is a local band called From Within before their gig at The Sugarplum.A smaller subculture which is quickly expanding and becoming more well now that teenagers are part of in Stoke-On-Trend is LIGHT (Lesbians, gays, bisexuals and transsexuals). LIGHT has become a subculture for teenagers over the last 5 years as more schools and colleges are promoting the exceptions of lesbians, gays, bisexuals and transsexuals. Also LIGHT Staffordshire, a local charity set up to support people who are gay, lesbian, bisexual or transsexual in Stoke-On-Trend and Staffordshire organize a variety of community groups in which an LIGHT subculture was born.Picture nine is the proud home of the best gay club outside of Birmingham, The Factory. This is where older teens from the LIGHT subculture can be found and feel at home in. Picture ten shows one of Stoke-On-Treats biggest LIGHT contributions to the local society. Whether people support LIGHT or just value diversity in the city and wish to celebrate equality, anyone is welcome to get involved and begin to learn more and understand LIGHT. Photograph eleven shows the last teenage subculture in which is popular in Stoke-on-Trend.The subculture which has become widely popular in the Hanley area is Skaters. Stoke-On-Trend has one of the first facilities in the Uk o have a street style skate park known as The plaza. It is currently the biggest in Europe, and proudly offers street style skating combining elements that skaters would be looking for, including many features seen in urban landscape, for example, steps and handrails. This allows teens to enjoy parts of urban city life at their doorsteps rather than having to leave Stoke-on-Trend and go elsewhere.It embeds values of urban culture to the countryside. Photograph eleven highlights the bonus to this skate part being free and open at all times, as it allows skaters to hang UT together whether it be that they skate themselves or just watch others. The Plaza is popular for teens skating on both blades or boards and sometimes is popular for bikes which is evident in photograph eleven. The birth of new subcultures like chaps, LIGHT and Indies are a recent event, 15-20 years ago they did not exist.The change in class elements has effected the places in which people go which father shapes their identity. For example, McCullough et al. (2006) found that as opposed to Skaters or Indies who have an element of lifestyle choice over group membership, it is difficult to become Chap as they or their parents are usually unemployed and from lower social classes, therefore McCullough et al (2006:553) concluded that identification with the subculture was so deeply embedded in class and locality that it is simply not possible to become a member if you do not have the essential qualifications.These recent changes in class elements have effected certain representations of Stoke-on-Trend. A city can be influenced by the images and stereotypes of the place, therefore the representation of Stoke-On-Trend being dominated by Chaps has become a major factor in it being labeled as he unhappiest place to live. This is because of the current economic climate and the reduction in jobs available; resulting in more people being jobless and moving in council houses living off benefits, further allowing them to be recognized as part of the Chap subculture.

A Sample of Historigraphy Essay

A Sample of Historigraphy EssayA sample of historiography essay is needed when you are looking for a course in history that can lead to a PhD or other academic degree. Students who already have a lot of knowledge about any aspect of history would find this a very good way to hone their knowledge and develop their research skills.It is never too late to start studying an academic subject, and history is no exception to this rule. It can help you become more familiar with the subject and prepare you for that next critical exam in your school or college. A sample of historiography essay can be a great way to better your knowledge of the subject.In terms of the sample, there are many that you can choose from. All it takes is some research to find one that best suits your needs. While there is no right or wrong way to go about choosing a sample, it is important to remember that the sample is going to reflect the style of your coursework and any general knowledge that you may have about hi storical topics.Your essay should begin by describing the format of the paper. Most samples have a preamble that describes what the essay is going to cover and the general topic of the paper. You can then proceed into a discussion of what kind of research will be required for the paper.If the topic is something that is new or unfamiliar to you, you should know that it is quite possible that you will need to research it yourself before writing the paper. Even if you have a good idea of what you want to study, your research will be quite a bit more difficult if you are not certain of what you are doing. You should have a basic understanding of the history of the topic and of the sources used for the history.Once you are finished with the research, you should then describe how the research was applied to the real life and the topic of the paper. If you are unfamiliar with the topic, then you should try to explain it to others as best as you can.Finally, you should talk about the relati onship between the facts and the main body of the essay. The essay should look at the real life facts in an attempt to make sense of them and the implications they may have on the theme of the paper.In summary, a sample of historiography essay is a great way to learn how to write a historical essay, and it can be a great tool for students. Make sure that you choose a good one, and the other students will appreciate your efforts.

Unitary Executive Theory and the Imperial Presidency

Unitary Executive Theory and the Imperial Presidency To what extent can presidential power be restricted by Congress? Some believe that the President holds broad power, citing this passage from Article II, Section 1 of the U.S. Constitution: The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. And from Section 3: [H]e shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed, and shall Commission all the Officers of the United States. The view that the President holds total control over the executive branch is called the unitary executive theory. The Unitary Executive Theory Under the Bush administrations interpretation of the unitary executive theory, the President has authority over members of the executive branch. He functions as a CEO or Commander-in-Chief, and his power is restricted only by the U.S. Constitution as interpreted by the Judiciary. Congress can hold the President accountable only by censure, impeachment or constitutional amendment, Legislation restricting the executive branch has no power. The Imperial Presidency Historian Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. wrote The Imperial Presidency  in 1973,  a groundbreaking history of presidential power centering on an extensive critique of President Richard Nixon. New editions were published in 1989, 1998 and 2004, incorporating later administrations. Although they originally had different meanings, the terms imperial presidency and unitary executive theory are now used interchangeably, although the former has more negative connotations. A Short History of the Imperial Presidency President George W. Bushs attempt to obtain increased wartime powers represented a troubling challenge to American civil liberties, but the challenge is not unprecedented: The Sedition Act of 1798 was selectively enforced by the Adams administration against newspaper writers who supported Thomas Jefferson, his challenger in the 1800 election.The very first landmark U.S. Supreme Court case in 1803,  Marbury v. Madison, established the power of the judiciary by resolving a separation-of-powers dispute between the President and Congress.President Andrew Jackson openly defied a Supreme Court ruling – the first, last and only time that any U.S. President has done so  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ in Worcester v. Georgia  in  1832.  President Abraham Lincoln took on unprecedented wartime powers and violated multiple civil liberties on a large scale during the American Civil War,  including due process rights for U.S. citizens.During the first Red Scare following World War I, President Woodrow Wilson suppressed free speech, deported immigrants on the basis of their political beliefs and ordered massive unconstitutional raids. His policies were so draconian that they inspired protesters to form the American Civil Liberties Union in 1920. During World War II, President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued an executive order calling for the forced internment of over 120,000 Japanese Americans, as well as forced surveillance, ID cards and occasional relocation for immigrants from other perceived hostile nations.President Richard Nixon openly used executive branch law enforcement agencies to attack his political opponents and, in the case of Watergate, to actively cover up his supporters criminal activities.Presidents Reagan, H.W. Bush, and Clinton all actively pursued expanded presidential powers. One particularly stunning example was President Clintons claim that sitting presidents are immune from lawsuits, a position the Supreme Court rejected in  Clinton v. Jones  in 1997.   Independent Counsel Congress passed a number of laws restricting the power of the executive branch after Nixons imperial presidency.  Among these was the Independent Counsel Act which allows an employee of the Department of Justice, and thereby technically the executive branch, to operate outside the Presidents authority when conducting investigations of the President or other executive branch officials. The Supreme Court found the Act to be constitutional in Morrison v. Olson  in 1988.   Line-Item Veto Although the concepts of the unitary executive and the imperial presidency are most often associated with Republicans, President Bill Clinton also worked to expand presidential powers. Most notable was his successful attempt to convince Congress to pass the Line-Item Veto Act of 1996, which allows the President to selectively veto specific parts of a bill without vetoing the entire bill. The Supreme Court struck down the Act in Clinton v. City of New York in 1998.   Presidential Signing Statements The presidential signing statement is similar to the line-item veto in that it allows a President to sign a bill while also specifying which parts of the bill he actually intends to enforce. Only 75 signing statements had ever been issued until the time of the Reagan administration. President Andrew Jackson issued only one.  Presidents Reagan, G.H.W. Bush and Clinton issued a total of 247 signing statements.President George W. Bush alone issued more than 130 signing statements, which tended to be more sweeping in scope than those of his predecessors.President Barack Obama issued 30 signing statements through 2016, even though he indicated in 2007 that he disapproved of this tool and would not overuse it.   Possible Use of Torture The most controversial of President Bushs signing statements was attached to an anti-torture bill drafted by Senator John McCain (R-AZ): The executive branch shall construe (the McCain Detainee Amendment) in a manner consistent with the constitutional authority of the President to supervise the unitary executive branch...which will assist in achieving the shared objective of the Congress and the President...of protecting the American people from further terrorist attacks.